Network Security ( Version 1) – Network Security 1.0 Final Exam Answers

More Questions: Network Security ( Version 1) – Network Security 1.0 Final Exam

1. In the video that describes the anatomy of an attack, a threat actor was able to gain access through a network device, download data, and destroy it. Which flaw allowed the threat actor to do this?

• a flat network with no subnets or VLANs
• improper physical security to gain access to the building
• lack of a strong password policy
• open ports on the firewall

2. What method can be used to mitigate ping sweeps?

• blocking ICMP echo and echo-replies at the network edge
• deploying antisniffer software on all network devices
• installing antivirus software on hosts
• using encrypted or hashed authentication protocols

3. When the CLI is used to configure an ISR for a site-to-site VPN connection, which two items must be specified to enable a crypto map policy? (Choose two.)

• the hash
• the peer
• encryption
• the ISAKMP policy
• a valid access list
• IP addresses on all active interfaces
• the IKE Phase 1 policy

4. How does a firewall handle traffic when it is originating from the public network and traveling to the DMZ network?

• Traffic that is originating from the public network is inspected and selectively permitted when traveling to the DMZ network.
• Traffic that is originating from the public network is usually permitted with little or no restriction when traveling to the DMZ network.
• Traffic that is originating from the public network is usually forwarded without inspection when traveling to the DMZ network.
• Traffic that is originating from the public network is usually blocked when traveling to the DMZ network.

5. Refer to the exhibit. A corporate network is using NTP to synchronize the time across devices. What can be determined from the displayed output?

• Router03 is a stratum 2 device that can provide NTP service to other devices in the network.
• The time on Router03 may not be reliable because it is offset by more than 7 seconds to the time server.
• The interface on Router03 that connects to the time sever has the IPv4 address 209.165.200.225.
• Router03 time is synchronized to a stratum 2 time server.

6. When describing malware, what is a difference between a virus and a worm?

• A virus focuses on gaining privileged access to a device, whereas a worm does not.
• A virus replicates itself by attaching to another file, whereas a worm can replicate itself independently.
• A virus can be used to launch a DoS attack (but not a DDoS), but a worm can be used to launch both DoS and DDoS attacks.
• A virus can be used to deliver advertisements without user consent, whereas a worm cannot.

7. Which type of packet is unable to be filtered by an outbound ACL?

• multicast packet
• ICMP packet
• broadcast packet
• router-generated packet

8. What are two methods to maintain certificate revocation status? (Choose two.)

• subordinate CA
• OCSP
• DNS
• LDAP
• CRL

9. Which protocol is an IETF standard that defines the PKI digital certificate format?

• SSL/TLS
• X.500
• LDAP
• X.509

10. A network administrator is configuring DAI on a switch. Which command should be used on the uplink interface that connects to a router?

• ip arp inspection trust
• ip dhcp snooping
• ip arp inspection vlan
• spanning-tree portfast

11. Consider the access list command applied outbound on a router serial interface.

access-list 100 deny icmp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any echo reply

What is the effect of applying this access list command?

• The only traffic denied is echo-replies sourced from the 192.168.10.0/24 network. All other traffic is allowed.
• The only traffic denied is ICMP-based traffic. All other traffic is allowed.
• No traffic will be allowed outbound on the serial interface.
• Users on the 192.168.10.0/24 network are not allowed to transmit traffic to any other destination.

12. Which command is used to activate an IPv6 ACL named ENG_ACL on an interface so that the router filters traffic prior to accessing the routing table?

• ipv6 access-class ENG_ACL in
• ipv6 traffic-filter ENG_ACL out
• ipv6 traffic-filter ENG_ACL in
• ipv6 access-class ENG_ACL out

13. A client connects to a Web server. Which component of this HTTP connection is not examined by a stateful firewall?

• the source IP address of the client traffic
• the destination port number of the client traffic
• the actual contents of the HTTP connection
• the source port number of the client traffic

14. Which network monitoring technology uses VLANs to monitor traffic on remote switches?

• IPS
• IDS
• TAP
• RSPAN

15. Which rule action will cause Snort IPS to block and log a packet?

• log
• drop
• alert
• Sdrop

16. What is typically used to create a security trap in the data center facility?

• IDs, biometrics, and two access doors
• high resolution monitors
• redundant authentication servers
• a server without all security patches applied

17. A company is concerned with leaked and stolen corporate data on hard copies. Which data loss mitigation technique could help with this situation?

• strong PC security settings
• strong passwords
• shredding
• encryption

18. Upon completion of a network security course, a student decides to pursue a career in cryptanalysis. What job would the student be doing as a cryptanalyst?

• cracking code without access to the shared secret key
• creating hashing codes to authenticate data
• making and breaking secret codes
• creating transposition and substitution ciphers

19. What command is used on a switch to set the port access entity type so the interface acts only as an authenticator and will not respond to any messages meant for a supplicant?

• dot1x pae authenticator
• authentication port-control auto
• aaa authentication dot1x default group radius
• dot1x system-auth-control

20. What are two disadvantages of using an IDS? (Choose two.)

• The IDS does not stop malicious traffic.
• The IDS works offline using copies of network traffic.
• The IDS has no impact on traffic.
• The IDS analyzes actual forwarded packets.
• The IDS requires other devices to respond to attacks.

21. Refer to the exhibit. The ip verify source command is applied on untrusted interfaces. Which type of attack is mitigated by using this configuration?

• DHCP spoofing
• DHCP starvation
• STP manipulation
• MAC and IP address spoofing

22. What ports can receive forwarded traffic from an isolated port that is part of a PVLAN?

• other isolated ports and community ports
• only promiscuous ports
• all other ports within the same community
• only isolated ports

23. A user complains about being locked out of a device after too many unsuccessful AAA login attempts. What could be used by the network administrator to provide a secure authentication access method without locking a user out of a device?

• Use the login delay command for authentication attempts.
• Use the login local command for authenticating user access.
• Use the aaa local authentication attempts max-fail global configuration mode command with a higher number of acceptable failures.
• Use the none keyword when configuring the authentication method list.

24. What are two drawbacks in assigning user privilege levels on a Cisco router? (Choose two.)

• Only a root user can add or remove commands.
• Privilege levels must be set to permit access control to specific device interfaces, ports, or slots.
• Assigning a command with multiple keywords allows access to all commands using those keywords.
• Commands from a lower level are always executable at a higher level.
• AAA must be enabled.

25. Refer to the exhibit. Which conclusion can be made from the show crypto map command output that is shown on R1?

• The crypto map has not yet been applied to an interface.
• The current peer IP address should be 172.30.2.1.
• There is a mismatch between the transform sets.
• The tunnel configuration was established and can be tested with extended pings.

26. What are two reasons to enable OSPF routing protocol authentication on a network? (Choose two.)

• to prevent data traffic from being redirected and then discarded
• to ensure faster network convergence
• to provide data security through encryption
• to prevent redirection of data traffic to an insecure link
• to ensure more efficient routing

27. Which three functions are provided by the syslog logging service? (Choose three.)

• gathering logging information
• authenticating and encrypting data sent over the network
• retaining captured messages on the router when a router is rebooted
• specifying where captured information is stored
• distinguishing between information to be captured and information to be ignored
• setting the size of the logging buffer

28. What two ICMPv6 message types must be permitted through IPv6 access control lists to allow resolution of Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 MAC addresses? (Choose two.)

• neighbor solicitations
• echo requests
• neighbor advertisements
• echo replies
• router solicitations
• router advertisements

29. Which three services are provided through digital signatures? (Choose three.)

• accounting
• authenticity
• compression
• nonrepudiation
• integrity
• encryption

30. A technician is to document the current configurations of all network devices in a college, including those in off-site buildings. Which protocol would be best to use to securely access the network devices?

• FTP
• HTTP
• SSH
• Telnet

31. An administrator is trying to develop a BYOD security policy for employees that are bringing a wide range of devices to connect to the company network. Which three objectives must the BYOD security policy address? (Choose three.)

• All devices must be insured against liability if used to compromise the corporate network.
• All devices must have open authentication with the corporate network.
• Rights and activities permitted on the corporate network must be defined.
• Safeguards must be put in place for any personal device being compromised.
• The level of access of employees when connecting to the corporate network must be defined.
• All devices should be allowed to attach to the corporate network flawlessly.

32. What is the function of the pass action on a Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall?

• logging of rejected or dropped packets
• inspecting traffic between zones for traffic control
• tracking the state of connections between zones
• forwarding traffic from one zone to another

33. Refer to the exhibit. Based on the security levels of the interfaces on ASA1, what traffic will be allowed on the interfaces?

• Traffic from the Internet and DMZ can access the LAN.
• Traffic from the Internet and LAN can access the DMZ.
• Traffic from the Internet can access both the DMZ and the LAN.
• Traffic from the LAN and DMZ can access the Internet.

34. What network testing tool can be used to identify network layer protocols running on a host?

• SIEM
• Nmap
• L0phtcrack
• Tripwire

35. In the implementation of security on multiple devices, how do ASA ACLs differ from Cisco IOS ACLs?

• Cisco IOS routers utilize both named and numbered ACLs and Cisco ASA devices utilize only numbered ACLs.
• Cisco IOS ACLs are configured with a wildcard mask and Cisco ASA ACLs are configured with a subnet mask.
• Cisco IOS ACLs are processed sequentially from the top down and Cisco ASA ACLs are not processed sequentially.
• Cisco IOS ACLs utilize an implicit deny all and Cisco ASA ACLs end with an implicit permit all.

36. Which statement describes an important characteristic of a site-to-site VPN?

• It must be statically set up.
• It is ideally suited for use by mobile workers.
• It requires using a VPN client on the host PC.
• After the initial connection is established, it can dynamically change connection information.
• It is commonly implemented over dialup and cable modem networks.

37. Which two options are security best practices that help mitigate BYOD risks? (Choose two.)

• Use paint that reflects wireless signals and glass that prevents the signals from going outside the building.
• Keep the device OS and software updated.
• Only allow devices that have been approved by the corporate IT team.
• Only turn on Wi-Fi when using the wireless network.
• Decrease the wireless antenna gain level.
• Use wireless MAC address filtering.

38. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures AAA authentication on R1. Which statement describes the effect of the keyword single-connection in the configuration?

• R1 will open a separate connection to the TACACS+ server for each user authentication session.
• The authentication performance is enhanced by keeping the connection to the TACACS+ server open.
• The TACACS+ server only accepts one successful try for a user to authenticate with it.
• R1 will open a separate connection to the TACACS server on a per source IP address basis for each authentication session.

39. A recently created ACL is not working as expected. The admin determined that the ACL had been applied inbound on the interface and that was the incorrect direction. How should the admin fix this issue?

• Delete the original ACL and create a new ACL, applying it outbound on the interface.
• Add an association of the ACL outbound on the same interface.
• Fix the ACE statements so that it works as desired inbound on the interface.
• Remove the inbound association of the ACL on the interface and reapply it outbound.

40. What characteristic of the Snort term-based subscriptions is true for both the community and the subscriber rule sets?

• Both have a 30-day delayed access to updated signatures.
• Both use Cisco Talos to provide coverage in advance of exploits.
• Both are fully supported by Cisco and include Cisco customer support.
• Both offer threat protection against security threats.

41. A security analyst is configuring Snort IPS. The analyst has just downloaded and installed the Snort OVA file. What is the next step?

• Verify Snort IPS.
• Configure Virtual Port Group interfaces.
• Enable IPS globally or on desired interfaces.
• Activate the virtual services.

42. The security policy in a company specifies that employee workstations can initiate HTTP and HTTPS connections to outside websites and the return traffic is allowed. However, connections initiated from outside hosts are not allowed. Which parameter can be used in extended ACLs to meet this requirement?

• dscp
• precedence
• eq
• established

43. A researcher is comparing the differences between a stateless firewall and a proxy firewall. Which two additional layers of the OSI model are inspected by a proxy firewall? (Choose two.)

• Layer 3
• Layer 4
• Layer 5
• Layer 6
• Layer 7

44. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring a VPN between routers R1 and R2. Which commands would correctly configure a pre-shared key for the two routers?

R1(config)# username R2 password 5tayout!
R2(config)# username R1 password 5tayout!

R1(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! address 64.100.0.2
R2(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! address 64.100.0.1

R1(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! hostname R1
R2(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! hostname R2

R1(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username R1 password 5tayout!
R2(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username R2 password 5tayout!

45. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the effect of this Cisco IOS zone-based policy firewall configuration?

• The firewall will automatically drop all HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP traffic.
• The firewall will automatically allow HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP traffic from s0/0/0 to g0/0 and will track the connections. Tracking the connection allows only return traffic to be permitted through the firewall in the opposite direction.
• The firewall will automatically allow HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP traffic from s0/0/0 to g0/0, but will not track the state of connections. A corresponding policy must be applied to allow return traffic to be permitted through the firewall in the opposite direction.
• The firewall will automatically allow HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP traffic from g0/0 to s0/0/0 and will track the connections. Tracking the connection allows only
• return traffic to be permitted through the firewall in the opposite direction.
• The firewall will automatically allow HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP traffic from g0/0 to s0/0/0, but will not track the state of connections. A corresponding policy must be applied to allow return traffic to be permitted through the firewall in the opposite direction.

46. Which privilege level has the most access to the Cisco IOS?

• level 0
• level 15
• level 7
• level 16
• level 1

47. Match the type of ASA ACLs to the description. (Not all options are used.)

48. Which statement describes a difference between the Cisco ASA IOS CLI feature and the router IOS CLI feature?

• ASA uses the ? command whereas a router uses the help command to receive help on a brief description and the syntax of a command.
• To use a show command in a general configuration mode, ASA can use the command directly whereas a router will need to enter the do command before issuing the show command.
• To complete a partially typed command, ASA uses the Ctrl+Tab key combination whereas a router uses the Tab key.
• To indicate the CLI EXEC mode, ASA uses the % symbol whereas a router uses the # symbol.

49. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring AAA implementation on an ASA device. What does the option link3 indicate?

• the network name where the AAA server resides
• the specific AAA server name
• the sequence of servers in the AAA server group
• the interface name

50. What provides both secure segmentation and threat defense in a Secure Data Center solution?

• Cisco Security Manager software
• AAA server
• Adaptive Security Appliance
• intrusion prevention system

51. What are the three core components of the Cisco Secure Data Center solution? (Choose three.)

• mesh network
• secure segmentation
• visibility
• threat defense
• servers
• infrastructure

52. What are three characteristics of ASA transparent mode? (Choose three.)

• This mode does not support VPNs, QoS, or DHCP Relay.
• It is the traditional firewall deployment mode.
• This mode is referred to as a “bump in the wire.”
• NAT can be implemented between connected networks.
• In this mode the ASA is invisible to an attacker.
• The interfaces of the ASA separate Layer 3 networks and require IP addresses in different subnets.

53. What is needed to allow specific traffic that is sourced on the outside network of an ASA firewall to reach an internal network?

• ACL
• NAT
• dynamic routing protocols
• outside security zone level 0

54. What will be the result of failed login attempts if the following command is entered into a router?

• login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90
• All login attempts will be blocked for 150 seconds if there are 4 failed attempts within 90 seconds.
• All login attempts will be blocked for 90 seconds if there are 4 failed attempts within 150 seconds.
• All login attempts will be blocked for 1.5 hours if there are 4 failed attempts within 150 seconds.
• All login attempts will be blocked for 4 hours if there are 90 failed attempts within 150 seconds.

55. Which two tasks are associated with router hardening? (Choose two.)

• placing the router in a secure room
• disabling unused ports and interfaces
• installing the maximum amount of memory possible
• securing administrative access
• using uninterruptible power supplies

56. Which threat protection capability is provided by Cisco ESA?

• web filtering
• cloud access security
• spam protection
• Layer 4 traffic monitoring

57. What are two security measures used to protect endpoints in the borderless network? (Choose two.)

• denylisting
• Snort IPS
• DLP
• DMZ
• rootkit

58. Which three types of traffic are allowed when the authentication port-control auto command has been issued and the client has not yet been authenticated? (Choose three.)

• CDP
• 802.1Q
• IPsec
• TACACS+
• STP
• EAPOL

59. Which statement describes a characteristic of the IKE protocol?

• It uses UDP port 500 to exchange IKE information between the security gateways.
• IKE Phase 1 can be implemented in three different modes: main, aggressive, or quick.
• It allows for the transmission of keys directly across a network.
• The purpose of IKE Phase 2 is to negotiate a security association between two IKE peers.

60. Which action do IPsec peers take during the IKE Phase 2 exchange?

• exchange of DH keys
• negotiation of IPsec policy
• negotiation of IKE policy sets
• verification of peer identity

61. What are two hashing algorithms used with IPsec AH to guarantee authenticity? (Choose two.)

• SHA
• RSA
• DH
• MD5
• AES

62. Which command raises the privilege level of the ping command to 7?

• user exec ping level 7
• authorization exec ping level 7
• accounting exec level 7 ping
• privilege exec level 7 ping

63. What is a characteristic of a role-based CLI view of router configuration?

• A CLI view has a command hierarchy, with higher and lower views.
• When a superview is deleted, the associated CLI views are deleted.​
• A single CLI view can be shared within multiple superviews.
• Only a superview user can configure a new view and add or remove commands from the existing views.​

64. What is a limitation to using OOB management on a large enterprise network?

• Production traffic shares the network with management traffic.
• Terminal servers can have direct console connections to user devices needing management.
• OOB management requires the creation of VPNs.
• All devices appear to be attached to a single management network.

65. What technology has a function of using trusted third-party protocols to issue credentials that are accepted as an authoritative identity?

• digital signatures
• hashing algorithms
• PKI certificates
• symmetric keys

66. What is the best way to prevent a VLAN hopping attack?

• Disable trunk negotiation for trunk ports and statically set nontrunk ports as access ports.
• Disable STP on all nontrunk ports.
• Use VLAN 1 as the native VLAN on trunk ports.
• Use ISL encapsulation on all trunk links.

67. What would be the primary reason an attacker would launch a MAC address overflow attack?

• so that the switch stops forwarding traffic
• so that legitimate hosts cannot obtain a MAC address
• so that the attacker can see frames that are destined for other hosts
• so that the attacker can execute arbitrary code on the switch

68. What is the main difference between the implementation of IDS and IPS devices?

• An IDS can negatively impact the packet flow, whereas an IPS can not.
• An IDS needs to be deployed together with a firewall device, whereas an IPS can replace a firewall.
• An IDS would allow malicious traffic to pass before it is addressed, whereas an IPS stops it immediately.
• An IDS uses signature-based technology to detect malicious packets, whereas an IPS uses profile-based technology.

69. Which attack is defined as an attempt to exploit software vulnerabilities that are unknown or undisclosed by the vendor?

• zero-day
• Trojan horse
• brute-force
• man-in-the-middle

70. Match the network monitoring technology with the description.

71. What are the three signature levels provided by Snort IPS on the 4000 Series ISR? (Choose three.)

• security
• drop
• reject
• connectivity
• inspect
• balanced

72. What are three attributes of IPS signatures? (Choose three.)

• action
• length
• trigger
• type
• depth
• function

73. Match each IPS signature trigger category with the description.

74. Which two features are included by both TACACS+ and RADIUS protocols? (Choose two.)

• SIP support
• password encryption
• 802.1X support
• separate authentication and authorization processes
• utilization of transport layer protocols

75. What function is provided by the RADIUS protocol?

• RADIUS provides encryption of the complete packet during transfer.
• RADIUS provides separate AAA services.
• RADIUS provides separate ports for authorization and accounting.
• RADIUS provides secure communication using TCP port 49.

76. What are three characteristics of the RADIUS protocol? (Choose three.)

• utilizes TCP port 49
• uses UDP ports for authentication and accounting
• supports 802.1X and SIP
• separates the authentication and authorization processes
• encrypts the entire body of the packet
• is an open RFC standard AAA protocol

77. Which zone-based policy firewall zone is system-defined and applies to traffic destined for the router or originating from the router?

• local zone
• inside zone
• self zone
• system zone
• outside zone

78. What are two benefits of using a ZPF rather than a Classic Firewall? (Choose two.)

• ZPF allows interfaces to be placed into zones for IP inspection.
• The ZPF is not dependent on ACLs.
• Multiple inspection actions are used with ZPF.
• ZPF policies are easy to read and troubleshoot.
• With ZPF, the router will allow packets unless they are explicitly blocked.

​In addition, an interface cannot be simultaneously configured as a security zone member and for IP inspection.​

79. Place the steps for configuring zone-based policy (ZPF) firewalls in order from first to last. (Not all options are used.)

80. Refer to the exhibit. Which two conclusions can be drawn from the syslog message that was generated by the router? (Choose two.)

• This message resulted from an unusual error requiring reconfiguration of the interface.
• This message indicates that service timestamps have been configured.
• This message indicates that the interface changed state five times.
• This message is a level 5 notification message.
• This message indicates that the interface should be replaced.

81. Which two types of hackers are typically classified as grey hat hackers? (Choose two.)

• hacktivists
• cyber criminals
• vulnerability brokers
• script kiddies
• state-sponsored hackers

82. How does a firewall handle traffic when it is originating from the private network and traveling to the DMZ network?

• The traffic is selectively denied based on service requirements.
• The traffic is usually permitted with little or no restrictions.
• The traffic is selectively permitted and inspected.
• The traffic is usually blocked.

83. Which two protocols generate connection information within a state table and are supported for stateful filtering? (Choose two.)

• ICMP
• UDP
• DHCP
• TCP
• HTTP

84. Which type of firewall is supported by most routers and is the easiest to implement?

• next generation firewall
• stateless firewall
• stateful firewall
• proxy firewall
Hint/Explanation: Packet Filtering (Stateless) Firewall uses a simple policy table look-up that filters traffic based on specific criteria and is considered the easiest firewall to implement.

85. What network testing tool would an administrator use to assess and validate system configurations against security policies and compliance standards?

• Tripwire
• L0phtcrack
• Nessus
• Metasploit
Hint/Explanation: Tripwire – This tool assesses and validates IT configurations against internal policies, compliance standards, and security best practices.

86. How do modern cryptographers defend against brute-force attacks?

• Use statistical analysis to eliminate the most common encryption keys.
• Use a keyspace large enough that it takes too much money and too much time to conduct a successful attack.
• Use an algorithm that requires the attacker to have both ciphertext and plaintext to conduct a successful attack.
• Use frequency analysis to ensure that the most popular letters used in the language are not used in the cipher message.
Hint/Explanation: In a brute-force attack, an attacker tries every possible key with the decryption algorithm knowing that eventually one of them will work. To defend against the brute-force attacks, modern cryptographers have as an objective to have a keyspace (a set of all possible keys) large enough so that it takes too much money and too much time to accomplish a brute-force attack. A security policy requiring passwords to be changed in a predefined interval further defend against the brute-force attacks. The idea is that passwords will have been changed before an attacker exhausts the keyspace.

87. How does a Caesar cipher work on a message?

• Letters of the message are replaced by another letter that is a set number of places away in the alphabet.
• Letters of the message are rearranged randomly.
• Letters of the message are rearranged based on a predetermined pattern.
• Words of the message are substituted based on a predetermined pattern.

52. What is the main factor that ensures the security of encryption of modern algorithms?

• complexity of the hashing algorithm
• the use of 3DES over AES
• secrecy of the keys
• secrecy of the algorithm
Hint/Explanation: With most modern algorithms, successful decryption requires knowledge of the appropriate cryptographic keys. This means that the security of encryption lies in the secrecy of the keys, not the algorithm.

88. What is the next step in the establishment of an IPsec VPN after IKE Phase 1 is complete?

• negotiation of the ISAKMP policy
• negotiation of the IPsec SA policy
• detection of interesting traffic
• authentication of peers
Hint/Explanation: Establishing an IPsec tunnel involves five steps:
detection of interesting traffic defined by an ACL
IKE Phase 1 in which peers negotiate ISAKMP SA policy
IKE Phase 2 in which peers negotiate IPsec SA policy
Creation of the IPsec tunnel
Termination of the IPsec tunnel

89. Refer to the exhibit. What algorithm will be used for providing confidentiality?


• RSA
• Diffie-Hellman
• DES
• AES
Hint/Explanation: The IPsec framework uses various protocols and algorithms to provide data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and secure key exchange. Two popular algorithms that are used to ensure that data is not intercepted and modified (data integrity) are MD5 and SHA. AES is an encryption protocol and provides data confidentiality. DH (Diffie-Hellman) is an algorithm that is used for key exchange. RSA is an algorithm used for authentication.

90. After issuing a show run command, an analyst notices the following command:

crypto ipsec transform-set MYSET esp-aes 256 esp-md5-hmac

What is the purpose of this command?

• It establishes the set of encryption and hashing algorithms used to secure the data sent through an IPsec tunnel.
• It defines the default ISAKMP policy list used to establish the IKE Phase 1 tunnel.
• It establishes the criteria to force the IKE Phase 1 negotiations to begin.
• It indicates that IKE will be used to establish the IPsec tunnel for protecting the traffic.

91. Which algorithm can ensure data integrity?

• RSA
• AES
• MD5
• PKI
Hint/Explanation: Data integrity guarantees that the message was not altered in transit. Integrity is ensured by implementing either of the Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA-2 or SHA-3). The MD5 message digest algorithm is still widely in use.

92. A company implements a security policy that ensures that a file sent from the headquarters office to the branch office can only be opened with a predetermined code. This code is changed every day. Which two algorithms can be used to achieve this task? (Choose two.)

• HMAC
• MD5
• 3DES
• SHA-1
• AES
Hint/Explanation: The task to ensure that only authorized personnel can open a file is data confidentiality, which can be implemented with encryption. AES and 3DES are two encryption algorithms. HMAC can be used for ensuring origin authentication. MD5 and SHA-1 can be used to ensure data integrity.

93. A network technician has been asked to design a virtual private network between two branch routers. Which type of cryptographic key should be used in this scenario?

• hash key
• symmetric key
• asymmetric key
• digital signature
Hint/Explanation: A symmetric key requires that both routers have access to the secret key that is used to encrypt and decrypt exchanged data.

94. Which two options can limit the information discovered from port scanning? (Choose two.)

• intrusion prevention system
• firewall
• authentication
• passwords
• encryption
Hint/Explanation: Using an intrusion prevention system (IPS) and firewall can limit the information that can be discovered with a port scanner. Authentication, encryption, and passwords provide no protection from loss of information from port scanning.

95. An administrator discovers that a user is accessing a newly established website that may be detrimental to company security. What action should the administrator take first in terms of the security policy?

• Ask the user to stop immediately and inform the user that this constitutes grounds for dismissal.
• Create a firewall rule blocking the respective website.
• Revise the AUP immediately and get all users to sign the updated AUP.
• Immediately suspend the network privileges of the user.

96. If AAA is already enabled, which three CLI steps are required to configure a router with a specific view? (Choose three.)

• Create a superview using the parser view view-name command.
• Associate the view with the root view.
• Assign users who can use the view.
• Create a view using the parser view view-name command.
• Assign a secret password to the view.
• Assign commands to the view.
Hint/Explanation: There are five steps involved to create a view on a Cisco router.
1) AAA must be enabled.
2) the view must be created.
3) a secret password must be assigned to the view.
4) commands must be assigned to the view.
5) view configuration mode must be exited.

97. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures a named ACL on the router. Why is there no output displayed when the show command is issued?




• The ACL is not activated.
• The ACL name is case sensitive.
• The ACL has not been applied to an interface.
• No packets have matched the ACL statements yet.

98. ACLs are used primarily to filter traffic. What are two additional uses of ACLs? (Choose two.):

• specifying internal hosts for NAT
• identifying traffic for QoS
• specifying source addresses for authentication
• reorganizing traffic into VLANs
• filtering VTP packets
Hint/Explanation: ACLs are used to filter traffic to determine which packets will be permitted or denied through the router and which packets will be subject to policy-based routing. ACLs can also be used to identify traffic that requires NAT and QoS services. Prefix lists are used to control which routes will be redistributed or advertised to other routers.

99. What two features are added in SNMPv3 to address the weaknesses of previous versions of SNMP? (Choose two.)

• authentication
• authorization with community string priority
• bulk MIB objects retrieval
• ACL management filtering
• encryption

100. What network testing tool is used for password auditing and recovery?

• Nessus
• Metasploit
• L0phtcrack
• SuperScan

101. Which type of firewall makes use of a server to connect to destination devices on behalf of clients?

• packet filtering firewall
• proxy firewall
• stateless firewall
• stateful firewall
Hint/Explanation: An application gateway firewall, also called a proxy firewall, filters information at Layers 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the OSI model. It uses a proxy server to connect to remote servers on behalf of clients. Remote servers will see only a connection from the proxy server, not from the individual clients.

102. Refer to the exhibit. What will be displayed in the output of the show running-config object command after the exhibited configuration commands are entered on an ASA 5506-X?


• host 192.168.1.4
• range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20
• host 192.168.1.3, host 192.168.1.4, and range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20
• host 192.168.1.3
• host 192.168.1.3 and host 192.168.1.4
• host 192.168.1.4 and range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20
Hint/Explanation: The show running-config object command is used to display or verify the IP address/mask pair within the object. There can only be one statement in the network object. Entering a second IP address/mask pair will replace the existing configuration.

103. Refer to the exhibit. According to the command output, which three statements are true about the DHCP options entered on the ASA? (Choose three.)


• The dhcpd address [ start-of-pool ]-[ end-of-pool ] inside command was issued to enable the DHCP server.
• The dhcpd address [ start-of-pool ]-[ end-of-pool ] inside command was issued to enable the DHCP client.
• The dhcpd enable inside command was issued to enable the DHCP server.
• The dhcpd auto-config outside command was issued to enable the DHCP client.
• The dhcpd auto-config outside command was issued to enable the DHCP server.
• The dhcpd enable inside command was issued to enable the DHCP client.

104. Which two statements describe the characteristics of symmetric algorithms? (Choose two.)

• They are commonly used with VPN traffic.
• They use a pair of a public key and a private key.
• They are commonly implemented in the SSL and SSH protocols.
• They provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
• They are referred to as a pre-shared key or secret key.
Hint/Explanation: Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key (also called shared secret) to encrypt and decrypt the data. In contrast, asymmetric encryption algorithms use a pair of keys, one for encryption and another for decryption.

105. A web server administrator is configuring access settings to require users to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Which requirement of information security is addressed through the configuration?

• availability
• integrity
• scalability
• confidentiality
Hint/Explanation: Confidentiality ensures that data is accessed only by authorized individuals. Authentication will help verify the identity of the individuals.

106. The use of 3DES within the IPsec framework is an example of which of the five IPsec building blocks?

• authentication
• nonrepudiation
• integrity
• Diffie-Hellman
• confidentiality
Hint/Explanation: The IPsec framework consists of five building blocks. Each building block performs a specific securty function via specific protocols. The function of providing confidentiality is provided by protocols such as DES, 3DES, and AES.

107. What function is provided by Snort as part of the Security Onion?

• to generate network intrusion alerts by the use of rules and signatures
• to normalize logs from various NSM data logs so they can be represented, stored, and accessed through a common schema
• to display full-packet captures for analysis
• to view pcap transcripts generated by intrusion detection tools
Hint/Explanation: Snort is an open source network intrusion prevention system (NIPS) and network intrusion detection system (NIDS) developed by Sourcefire. It has the ability to perform real time traffic analysis and packet logging on Internet Protocol (IP) networks and can also be used to detect probes or attacks.

108. What are two drawbacks to using HIPS? (Choose two.)

• With HIPS, the success or failure of an attack cannot be readily determined.
• With HIPS, the network administrator must verify support for all the different operating systems used in the network.
• HIPS has difficulty constructing an accurate network picture or coordinating events that occur across the entire network.
• If the network traffic stream is encrypted, HIPS is unable to access unencrypted forms of the traffic.
• HIPS installations are vulnerable to fragmentation attacks or variable TTL attacks.

109. In an AAA-enabled network, a user issues the configure terminal command from the privileged executive mode of operation. What AAA function is at work if this command is rejected?

• authorization
• authentication
• auditing
• accounting
Hint/Explanation: Authentication must ensure that devices or end users are legitimate. Authorization is concerned with allowing and disallowing authenticated users access to certain areas and programs on the network. The configure terminal command is rejected because the user is not authorized to execute the command.

110. A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework?

• automation
• accounting
• authentication
• authorization
Hint/Explanation: After a user is successfully authenticated (logged into the server), the authorization is the process of determining what network resources the user can access and what operations (such as read or edit) the user can perform.

111. What is a characteristic of a DMZ zone?

• Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is not permitted.
• Traffic originating from the outside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted.
• Traffic originating from the DMZ network going to the inside network is permitted.
• Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted.
Hint/Explanation: The characteristics of a DMZ zone are as follows:
​Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is permitted.
​Traffic originating from the outside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted.
Traffic originating from the DMZ network going to the inside network is denied.

112. Which measure can a security analyst take to perform effective security monitoring against network traffic encrypted by SSL technology?

• Use a Syslog server to capture network traffic.
• Deploy a Cisco SSL Appliance.
• Require remote access connections through IPsec VPN.
• Deploy a Cisco ASA.

113. What type of network security test can detect and report changes made to network systems?

• vulnerability scanning
• network scanning
• integrity checking
• penetration testing
Hint/Explanation: Integrity checking is used to detect and report changes made to systems. Vulnerability scanning is used to find weaknesses and misconfigurations on network systems. Network scanning is used to discover available resources on the network.

114. What network security testing tool has the ability to provide details on the source of suspicious network activity?

• SIEM
• SuperScan
• Zenmap
• Tripwire

115. Refer to the exhibit. Port security has been configured on the Fa 0/12 interface of switch S1. What action will occur when PC1 is attached to switch S1 with the applied configuration?



• Frames from PC1 will be forwarded since the switchport port-security violation command is missing.
• Frames from PC1 will be forwarded to its destination, and a log entry will be created.
• Frames from PC1 will be forwarded to its destination, but a log entry will not be created.
• Frames from PC1 will cause the interface to shut down immediately, and a log entry will be made.
• Frames from PC1 will be dropped, and there will be no log of the violation.
• Frames from PC1 will be dropped, and a log message will be created.
Hint/Explanation: Manual configuration of the single allowed MAC address has been entered for port fa0/12. PC1 has a different MAC address and when attached will cause the port to shut down (the default action), a log message to be automatically created, and the violation counter to increment. The default action of shutdown is recommended because the restrict option might fail if an attack is underway.

116. What security countermeasure is effective for preventing CAM table overflow attacks?

• DHCP snooping
• Dynamic ARP Inspection
• IP source guard
• port security
Hint/Explanation: Port security is the most effective method for preventing CAM table overflow attacks. Port security gives an administrator the ability to manually specify what MAC addresses should be seen on given switch ports. It provides a method for limiting the number of MAC addresses that can be dynamically learned over a switch port.

117. What are two examples of DoS attacks? (Choose two.)

• port scanning
• SQL injection
• ping of death
• phishing
• buffer overflow
Hint/Explanation: The buffer overflow and ping of death DoS attacks exploit system memory-related flaws on a server by sending an unexpected amount of data or malformed data to the server.

118. Which method is used to identify interesting traffic needed to create an IKE phase 1 tunnel?

• transform sets
• a permit access list entry
• hashing algorithms
• a security association

Updating….

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured NAT on an ASA device. What type of NAT is used?


• inside NAT
• static NAT
• bidirectional NAT
• outside NAT
Hint/Explanation: NAT can be deployed on an ASA using one of these methods:
inside NAT – when a host from a higher-security interface has traffic destined for a lower-security interface and the ASA translates the internal host address to a global address
outside NAT – when traffic from a lower-security interface destined for a host on the higher-security interface is translated
bidirectional NAT – when both inside NAT and outside NAT are used together
Because the nat command is applied so that the inside interface is mapped to the outside interface, the NAT type is inside. Also, the dynamic keyword in the nat command indicates that it is a dynamic mapping.

Match the security technology with the description.

Match the security term to the appropriate description. (Not all options are used.)

Match the IPS alarm type to the description.

A network analyst is configuring a site-to-site IPsec VPN. The analyst has configured both the ISAKMP and IPsec policies. What is the next step?

• Configure the hash as SHA and the authentication as pre-shared.
• Apply the crypto map to the appropriate outbound interfaces.
• Issue the show crypto ipsec sa command to verify the tunnel.
• Verify that the security feature is enabled in the IOS.